Verbs with broad semantics are frequently used. In English scientific and technical texts.

Broad semantics or eurysemy is a linguistic phenomenon which has an extended semantic scope of the word which denotes a variety of objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. The study of eurysemy is traced in the works of such scientists as Amosova N.N., Arnold I.V., Kochergan M.P. etc.

According to Amosova, the broad meaning of a word means the meaning containing the maximum degree of generalization, manifesting itself in its pure form only in conditions of isolation of a word from speech and receiving a certain narrowing and concretization when using this word in speech (Amosova, 1963, p.114).

The phenomenon of eurysemy is frequently confused with polysemy. This is due to the fact that polysemy means the presence of different lexical meanings of the same word according to different contexts (Kochergan, 2001, p. 194), when eurysemy means that word has only one meaning out of context, but this only meaning correlates with several different objects of thought.

The next issue of our research is concepts related to the eurysemy phenomena. Among them it shall be reviewed such concept as: referential relation, which means mental operation due to which the speaker establishes a reference (Yermakova, 2014, p. 152).

The verbs with broad semantics can be classified by the degree of referential relation. There are 3 degrees of referential relation: high, average and low. To the

group of high referential relation shall be refered the verbs with high referential potential, i.e verbs that can be reffered to different objects, beigns or abstract concepts.

According to our research the verbs with high degree of referential relation are:

get, put, fit, come, meet, find, set, deal, keep, consider, mean, carry, perform, recognize, improve, take

The next group of eurysemy verbs are verbs with average degree of referential relation. This group includes the next verbs:

withstand, devise, shield, ensure, encounter

The last group is verbs with low referential relation degree:

preclude, concern, warrant

During the process of broad semantics verbs translation into Ukrainian language different translational transformations are used. They are aimed at making translation more correct and to approximate translation to the source language. Karaban defines translational transformations as changes of lexical elements of the source language during translation aimed at adequate transfer of their semantic, stylistic and pragmatic characteristics considering standards of translation language and linguistic heritage of translation language (Karaban, 2004, p.300). He also notes that lexical transformations are used when lexical equivalents of one or another word in the source language cannot be used in the translation due to disparities in terms of meaning and context (Karaban, 2004, p.300).

In order to translate verbs with broad semantics into Ukrainian language the next transformations were used during the research:

The Centers for Disease Control plans to take measures to better protect lab workers and the rest of us from dangerous biological samples (Maron, 2014). Центри з контролю та профілактики захворювань планують вжити заходів для кращого захисту працівників лабораторій та всіх нас від небезпечних

біологічних зразків.

Big tech companies avoid taxes and have taken over our lives and created monopolies - but what can we do about it and how much change do we really want? (Heaven, 2018). Великі технологічні компанії ухиляються від сплати податків, заволоділи нашим життям і створили монополії, але що ми можемо з цим зробити і яких змін ми насправді хочемо?

to have many applications - широко застосовуватися (replacing an adjective with an adverb)

Bioinics has many applications beyond the field of medicine (Karaban, 2004, p.313). Біоніка широко застосовується й поза межами медицини.

Non-members of the organization are invited to the conference as observers (Karaban, 2004, p.309). Країни, що не є членами організації, запрошуються для участі в конференції в якості спостерігачів.

As a result, eurysemy or broad semantics means a phenomenon when word has only one meaning which correlates with a variety of different objects and phenomena of surrounding reality. Broad semantics verbs are differentiated by degrees of referential relation: high, average and low. Also, the different types of translation transformations were reviewed in our research. The most common transformations to translate eurysemy verbs are: substantiation, generalization, replacing of one part of language with another and adding of a word. Despite the fact that the topic of eurysemy is rather underinvestigated, it attracts a great interest among modern linguists.

References:

1. Amosova, N. (1963). Osnovy anglijskoj frazeologii [Fundamentals of English phraseology] (Vol. 208). Izd-vo LGU.
2. Karaban, V. (2004). Pereklad anhliiskoi naukovoi i tekhnichnoi literatury.
3. Hramatychni trudnoshchi, leksychni, terminolohichni ta zhanrovo-stylisychni problemy [Translation of English scientific and technical literature. Grammatical difficulties, lexical, terminological and genre-stylistic problems] (Vol. 576). Vinnytsia, Nova Knyha.
4. Kochergan, M. (2001). Vstup do movoznavstva [Introduction to Linguistics] (Vol. 368). K.: VC «Akademija».
5. Yermakova, N. (2014). Deiaki teoretychni problemy evrysemii v anhliiskii movi [Some theoretical problems of eurysemia in the English language]. Nova Filolohiia, 64, 150-156.
6. Heaven, D. (2018, March 22). How google and Facebook Hooked us - and how to break the habit. New Scientist. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23731640-500-
7. Maron, D. F. (2014, July 17). Poor oversight catches up with high-security infectious agent and Disease Labs. Scientific American. Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/poor-oversight-catches-up- with-high-security-infectious-agent-and-disease-labs/